The Economic Lessons for Canada from Ireland's Success Story Essay - 1

The Economic Lessons for Canada from Ireland's Success Story - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in the recent years, the economy of Ireland has shifted its focus from being an agricultural economy to a more knowledge-based economy. The focus is more on the trade, investment, service sectors and the high technology industries. Ireland is considered as one of the wealthiest economies among the OECD countries. According to the reports of PWC, the economy is expected to have a GDP growth rate of 0.8% in the year 2011. Â  Ireland is a globalized economy with the second largest GDP in the EU. During the period of the Celtic Tiger; its GDP grew in a double-digit figure. The countries GDP growth rate was consistent at 6% till 2008, after which it faced a drastic fall in its GDP owing to the global recession. The economic growth also resulted in a high inflation rate. However, the prices fell in light of the global recession, and as per the reports till 2009, the inflation rate fell by 4.5%. Fall in the inflation rate is good for an econ omy as it also boosts the investment sector. The public finances also registered a positive growth due to the strength of Ireland’s economy. The rate of employed people grew drastically and the unemployment figure fell. The average unemployment rate is expected to be 13% in the year 2011. The economy has only 5.5% of its population below the poverty line. US investments is one of the factors that helped in Ireland’s growth as well as modernization by increasing its employment opportunities, export potentials and enriching its technology.

Histo-Bio Reading of the Farming of Bones Essay Example for Free

Histo-Bio Reading of the Farming of Bones Essay â€Å"Our motherland is Spain; theirs is darkest Africa, you understand? They once came here only to cut sugarcane, but now there are more of them than there will ever be cane to cut, you understand? Our problem is one of dominion. Those of us who love our country are taking measures to keep it our own†. This statement was memorized by both the Haitian and Dominicans prisoners tortured by the soldiers during the â€Å"Parsley massacre†, which was a clear illustration of the xenophobia the Tyrannical leader, General Trujillo had. Thus, a wave of genocide which decimates the Haitian emigre population is justified (Brice-Finch, 1999). Farming of the Bones, a novel of Danticat, does not only vividly reveal a detailed, fictional narration of what happened to the Haitians before, during, and after the â€Å"El Corte† or provide us a glimpse of the author’s life as a Haitian. The novel, considered to be one of the literary records of history of Haitians, was able to captivate the lives of Haitians in a land they partly owned. The Farming of Bones is a stark reminder of the massacre as well as a tribute to the valor of those Haitians who escaped the terror (Brice-Finch 1999). At that particular time, Haiti was being colonized by the Americans. This event pushed some of the natives to go to Dominican Republic and find work to be able to help their families left in Haiti. Most of them became cane workers, housemaids, houseboys, etc. as expected, most of them were being oppressed by their employers in different ways. Some of them were overworked but underpaid and some are physically abused. However, amabelle did not suffer the same fate as a personal maid since she was adored, if not loved by her employers. Papi and Donya Valencia, her patroness, never failed to treat her right. However, when the tyrant General Trujillo felt that the number of Haitians is continuing to grow, he felt it was high time to â€Å"cleanse† their land. After hearing news of the killings, Amabelle then decided to leave her patrons and go back to Haiti with her lover Sebastien and his sister. However, when she was about to leave, the cutting in 1937— a part of General Trujillo’s dictatorial regime, Donya Valencia bled—an event that made her stay at the house a little bit longer. Because of the slight delay, Amabelle was not able to meet Sebastien and Mimi by the church—the meeting place for those who will cross the border with Doctor Javier. It was said, nonetheless, that all those who were to meet in church were arrested by the soldiers together with the doctor and the priests. Amabelle then decided to go and find Mimi and his brother. She journeyed with Yves, a good friend of Sebastien. While they were on their journey, there were several instances of them having themselves almost killed by the Dominicans. Their companions, whim they met on the way, also died one by one and Yves and Amabelle were the only ones to return to their homeland. There, they attempted to have normal lives so they kept themselves busy; however, no matter what they do, it was very clear that the ghosts of the past would haunt them until death.the border region. These instances from the novel clearly mirror the 1937 Parsley massacre and had shown a very precise documentary of the said horrifying event. Such instances are as follows: First, General Trujillo was really the name of the tyrannical leader of Dominican Republic from 1930 to 1961, who ordered to kill all the Haitians so that, generally, they could have their country only for themselves. In the novel, him despising the Haitians was clearly shown in his actions. He was the sole mastermind of the â€Å"cleansing† of their border and he was also the one to pay very small amount of money to all the victims after the almost one-week bloodbath. Second, the narration of the Parsley Massacre was exactly how the event happened in 1937. The trucks containing the Haitians were real. The â€Å"killing spree†, where the peasants are to line by six and jump off a cliff if they were not able to say â€Å"perejil† (parsley) correctly, since the color of the Dominicans and Hatians are almost the same, also happened the same way it was in the novel. A quote from Senyora Valencia illustrates this point: â€Å"And in the parsley he said ‘pewegil’ for perejil. The Generalissimo had him in plain sight and could have shot him in the parsley, but he did not because the Generalissimo had a realization. Your people did not trill their r the way we do, or pronounce the jota. ‘You can never hide as long as there is parsley nearby,’ the Generalissi mo is believed to have said. On this island, you walk too far and people speak a different language. Their own words reveal who belongs on what side.† In this particular event, Dominican troops killed between 10,000 and 15,000 Haitians in approximately 2-6 days, particularly from October 2nd to October 4th 1937 (Upchurch, 1998). Third, the River of Massacre is really the name of the river at the borderline of Haiti and Dominican Republic. The Massacre River was named for a seventeeth century bloodbath, but as Danticat makes clear, it has continued to live up to its name. The river divides the small Caribbean island of Hispaniola into the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Because the countries are so close, their fates have historically been intertwined. The Farming of Bones begins in the Republic, during the regime of General Rafael Trujillo (Upchurch, 1998). Fourth and last in the significant similarities in events in history and the novel was that even though the Dominican leader taught its people to be cruel and to have no mercy for the Haitians, some of them chose to defy the General and helped hide several peasants during the mass killing. Senyora Valencia was a great example of such Dominicans: â€Å"Do you truly understand? During El Corte, though I was bleeding and nearly died, I hid many of your people. I hid a baby who is now a student at the medical school with Rosalinda and her husband. I hid Sylvie and two families in your old room. I hid some of Donya Sabine’s people before she and her husband escaped to Haiti. I did what I could in my situation.† In history, however, it is believed that although we must acknowledge that the Haitian-Dominican conflict stemmed from the occupation of the Dominican Republic by Haiti, it would be dangerous, and unfair to the Dominican people, to attribute Trujillo’s acts and ideology entirely to the same origin. Most of the Dominican people did not participate in Trujillo’s massacre of the Haitians. In fact, Many Haitians were saved by good-hearted Dominicans who could not imagine and could not accept the killings of thousands of innocents for petty reasons. The best example of this fact is the Dominican politician, Jose Maria Peza Gomez, who is believed to be of Haitian descent, and who escaped the massacre because a White Dominican family adopted him. As for the author’s relation to the characters, I found Amabelle most likely to share the life of Edwidge Danticat. There are few similarities in them but if you would compare Danticat’s life to that of other characters, it is most likely that you would find it difficult. For one, Danticat had always wanted to be a writer ever since she was a child. Her parents, on the other hand wanted her to be a doctor. In Amabelle’s case, she had always been veering away from her parents’ love for giving birth and chose to just sew clothes and at the same time serve Senyora Valencia. Another, I think, is the point in her life when her parents transferred to New York to work there. She was very young then and yet had to live without her parents with her. Amabelle experienced this when her parents drowned while crossing the river at the border. Both of them were forced to live without their parents at a time when they need guidance, love, and care from the person who brought them into this world. Third and last point is when Danticat transferred to Brooklyn to live with her real family. Adjustment to this new family was difficult, and to make it worse, she also had difficulty adjusting at school, because she spoke only Creole and did not know any English. Other students taunted her as a Haitian, a boat person, or a refugee. This time, it’s not only Amabelle who experienced the same treatment from other people but all the Haitians in the Dominicans part of the land. As evident in the novel, most of them suffered greatly because of their race, social status, and language. Obviously, it is very apparent that the novel Farming of the Bones was a literary record of what had happened to the 1937 massacre and a bit of the author’s life. In fact, the massacre, Danticat told Mallay Charters in Publishers Weekly, is not just a part of our history, as Haitians, but its also a part of the history of the world. Writing about it is an act of remembrance. References: Brice-Finch (1999) A review of The Farming of Bones, in World Literature Today, Vol. 73, No. 2, p. 373. Munro, M. (2006) Writing Disaster: Trauma, Memory, and History in Edwidge Danticat’s The Farming of Bones. London: Faber and Faber Upchurch, M. (1998) â€Å"No Room for the Living,† in New York Times Book Review. Lancer, J. The Conflict between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Retrieved from http://www.allempires.com/forum/ Wucker, M. (1998) The River Massacre: The Real and Imagined Borders of Hispaniola Retrieved from: http://windows.on.haiti-the.river.massacre.files.html (2005) Edwidge Danticat. Retrieved from http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/danticat_edwidge.html (2009) 70 Years Ago in the Dominican Republic! Retrieved from http://fowomouvriye.org/Bulletins/001/TheHopeAct.html (2012) The Farming of Bones: Author Biography. Retrieved from http://www.enotes.com/farming-bones (2012) Dominican Republic. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica

Uncertain Reconciliation between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous people o

Reconciliation between Aboriginal People and Non-Aboriginal people to some extent is important towards Australia’s future. Given the past injustices involving land rights, the stolen generation and Government Policies, it illustrates that Australia has some way to go ahead of the full reconciliation between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians and that without reconciliation our future is uncertain. The Aboriginals were denied their land rights when European settlement occurred in Australia. As the Aboriginals were nomadic, the land that they lived on and moved around on soon became occupied by the Europeans. This disenabled the Aboriginals to sustain their ceremonial and cultural links with the land. Efforts to win Indigenous land back involved government policies and court acts. In 1976 Gough Whitlam introduced a Land Rights Act which made governments more aware of the issues of Aboriginal Cultural Land. With the aid of this policy Eddie Mabo was able to lead a case that was known as the Native Title. This was one of the most famous cases, the Mabo v Commonwealth, and it wa...

Present Problems in Garments sector in Bangladesh Essay

Health & safety issues in garments industry of bangladesh Introduction Origin of the report Health & safety polices are not available in most of the garments manufacturers & exporters in Ready made Garments Industry of Bangladesh. As a requirement of Human Resource Management course, this project is prepared on Health & Safety issues in present Premium 11729 Words 47 Pages Garments industry in bangladesh Compensation & Benefits Management: A case study on â€Å"Regain Garments (Pvt.) Ltd.† A Group Project Report On Compensation & Benefits Management: A case study on â€Å"Regain Garments (Pvt.) Ltd.† Gani Md. Ataul (Id: 06-07365-3) Hassan Abu Md. Mahin (Id: 06-07360-3) Tanvir Hossain Tan Premium 2989 Words 12 Pages Overview of garments industry in bangladesh TERM PAPER ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Daffodil International University (DIU) Acknowledgement First we feel great gratitude to my god to perform my task in time and successfully. We feel very happy to inform you that, after doing a hard work, we finally done our report on Human Resource Premium 3328 Words 14 Pages Garments industry in bangladesh Garments industry in Bangladesh Although Bangladesh is not developed in industry, it has been enriched in Garment industries in the recent past years. In the field of Industrialization garment industry is a promising step. It has given the opportunity of employment to millions of unemployed, spec Premium 831 Words 4 Pages Prospect of tourism industry in bangladesh Prospect of Tourism Industry in Bangladesh Prospect of Tourism Industry in Bangladesh Submitted to: MD. ANWARUL ISLAM Course Teacher Business Communication (MGT 431) Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted By, CHOWDHURY GOLAM NOOR- A- SUNNY Student ID- MBA 046 13284 Student of Premium 6152 Words 25 Pages Problems and prospects of poultry industry in bangladesh 1 Problems and Prospects of Poultry Industry in Bangladesh: An Analysis Muhammad Mahboob Ali * Md. Moulude Hossain** – Abstract: The poultry industry has been successfully becoming a leading industry of Bangladesh. The primary objective of the study is to identify the various aspect relating th Premium 6890 Words 28 Pages Term paper – prospect of export oriented leather industry in bangladesh 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Origin Our honorable teacher, Professor (Dr) Khondoker Bazlul Hoque, Department of Management Studies, has assigned me to prepare term paper on â€Å"Prospect of Export Oriented Leather Industry in Bangladesh†. This is a term paper for our Course: International Business an Premium 4972 Words 20 Pages Bangladesh: in search of solution of unrest in garments industry Bangladesh: In Search of Solution of Unrest in Garments Industry Introduction : Bangladesh is an underdeveloped country. Country’s major industry and its main foreign exchange earner sector is Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry. It accounted for about 80% of the total share of exports and ear Premium 3805 Words 16 Pages Dispute settlement as regards minimum wages in garments industry: [the case study of bangladesh] Abstract: As my main goal of the proposed research is to settling down dispute regarding minimum wages in Garments Industry, I wanted to know if a change in focus from minimum wages to living wages could be achievable. The question will unfortunately remain unsolved at the end of the essay. To pred Premium 13411 Words 54 Pages The garment industry of bangladesh THE GARMENT INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH Introduction: The garment industry has played a pioneering role in the development of industrial sector of Bangladesh. Though it took a rather late start i.e., in 1976 but it soon established its reputation in the world market within a short span of time. Res Premium 9113 Words 37 Pages Pharmaceutical industry in bangladesh 1) PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 1.1 Industry Background: The total industry can broadly be classified into two categories. Theses are a) Patent Medicines b) Generic Medicines Patent medicines are the products that are invented by the company, who have their own research team working Premium 4522 Words 19 Pages Pharmaceutical industry in bangladesh Objective of the report: The Bangladesh paradox has been one of surprising economic resilience in the face of natural disasters, poor governance and political volatility. However, a key challenge is whether Bangladesh can move away from an economy that is an impressive underdog, to one that c Premium 18842 Words 76 Pages Evaluation of software industry in bangladesh: a study on hello dacca (pvt.) ltd Chapter-1: Introduction 1. Origin of the Study The MBA program of DU requires that each student complete an internship attachment period of at least 10 to 12 weeks with an organization and submit a report on the basis of it. Considering the fast pace of the software industry today, I am work Premium 11930 Words 48 Pages Mobile telecom industry in bangladesh Mobile telecom industry in Bangladesh by Raiyan Mahmood Moon, Shaffat Fahmi and Shoiab Mortuza September 16, 2010 Mobile phone has become an indispensable part of Bangladesh’s everyday-life and has made a â€Å"safe haven† in one of our pockets much like our wallet that we never want to leave at hom Premium 7248 Words 29 Pages Garments industry pakistan cometitiveness Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 Garments Industry: A Global Perspective 3 Global Trends in Garments 3 Garments Industry: A Pakistani Perspective 4 FLIGHT TO BANGLADESH 8 Competition 9 Application of Porter’s Diamond Model: 10 LABOR 10 RAW MATERIAL 10 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 11 Premium 10102 Words 41 Pages Furniture industry in bangladesh 1.0 THE INITIATIVE FOR THE STUDY This term paper fulfills the requirements of the specific grounds and objectives. The report is organized through the study of secondary sources of information. We have tried to put the concrete information aside from the limitations we have faced in preparing the p Premium 7433 Words 30 Pages Operation management of a garments factory of bangladesh AN EVALUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AT CORPORATE BRANCH OF CONCORD GROUP 1.0 INTRODUCTION In any industry the success of an organization is extremely dependent on its human resources. Although there are many other factors that play a key role, a company must have effecti Premium 11585 Words 47 Pages Hr practises in garments industry in bd |Table of Contents | |Literature Review |3 | |Introduction Premium 7223 Words 29 Pages A comprehensive study on the problems and prospects of hrm profession in bangladesh Introduction Human Resource Management (HRM) is a way of management that links people-related activities to the strategy of a business or organization. HRM is often referred to as â€Å"strategic HRM†. This includes employment and arbitration in accord with the law, and with a company’s directives. Mo Premium 3115 Words 13 Pages Supply chain management of garments industry of bangledesh a case study on maksons spinning mills ltd. I. Introduction 1.1 Introduction. Supply chain management seeks to synchronize a firm’s processes and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials, services, and information with customer demand. Supply-chain management has strategic implications because the supply system can be used to Premium 8362 Words 34 Pages

Economics of Baseball: Revenue Sharing

Economics of Baseball: Revenue Sharing Major League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada. The organization is comprised of a partnership between the National League, founded in 1876, and the American League, founded in 1901. There are currently 30 teams in Major League Baseball, 14 in the American League and 16 in the National League. â€Å"Since 1903, the best of both of these leagues have met in the World Series, with the winner of the best-of-7 series being declared World Champion† (Burnett). When the World Series ends, baseball's business season starts.Receipts are tallied to determine how much the teams that earned the most will have to pay the teams that have earned the least. Large market teams like the New York Yankees, Boston Red Sox, Los Angeles Dodgers, and the Chicago cubs â€Å"have an overwhelming advantage over smaller market teams which created an uneven playing field† (Alice). Revenue sharing gives small market teams like the Kansas City Royals, Tampa Bay Rays, Florida Marlins, and the Pittsburgh Pirates, a better chance at success by providing more resources to improve their roster.In 1999, a â€Å"blue ribbon† panel commissioned by MLB found that â€Å"baseball franchises traditionally generate and retain a large majority of their revenue locally† (Jacobson) rather than nationally, causing a large and growing revenue disparity. Vince Gennaro, author of Diamond Dollars: The Economics of Winning In Baseball, found that 70 to 80 percent of a team's total revenue is contributed to local revenue. Local revenues consist of gate receipts, local television, radio and cable rights fees, ballpark concessions, advertising and publications, parking, suite rentals, postseason, and spring training.Revenues that are retained locally are a problem because all teams participate in the same national labor market. MLB has no salary cap; therefore, it is the teams’ decision how much they spend on payroll. The teams with the largest revenues have higher payrolls and are able to obtain and make offers on players that teams with lower payrolls cannot. As big market teams began setting up their own sports networks on cable, the revenue disparities accelerated. The clubs started profiting directly from subscriber fees and advertising sales. At the same ime, other clubs began to benefit from building new stadiums. According to the Report of the Independent Member of the Commissioner's Blue Ribbon Panel on Baseball Economics, the amount of a club's payroll is determined by the amount of the club's revenue and it has been argued that â€Å"the size of a club's payroll is the most important factor in determining how competitive the club will be† (Elanjin and Pachamanova). It showed in just five years the ratio of local revenues between the top seven clubs and the bottom fourteen clubs more than doubled from 5. :1 in 1995 to 14. 7:1 in 1999, because of fast g rowth rates on already large revenues (8). The ratio of payroll spending between the highest and lowest clubs went from 2:1 in the 1980s to 3. 5:1 in the 1990s (9). From 1995 to 1999, no clubs from the 14 lowest payroll-spending teams won a Division Series game or a League Championship game and no clubs from the bottom 23 clubs won a World Series game (Levin, Mitchell, Volcker, and Will p. 2-9). All of the World Series Championships have been won by one of the top payroll spending teams.The conclusion was drawn that these problems were getting worse and unless the MLB took action, the problems would remain severe. They would have to break more than a century’s worth of tradition, â€Å"to ensure baseball's broad and enduring popularity, and to guarantee it's future growth† (Levin, Mitchell, Volcker, and Will p. 13). The panel recommended that the league should impose revenue sharing, a competitive balance tax, central fund distributions, a competitive balance draft, re forms to the Rule 4 Draft, and should utilize franchise relocation. Revenue sharing money comes from two pools.The first is central funds revenue, which comes from national television and radio deals, MLB Advanced Media, merchandise sales, and the MLB network. The other is net local revenue, which comes from ticket sales, concessions and media deals that each club negotiates individually. â€Å"Against that money, each club is hit with a marginal rate of 31 percent, which is applied across the board to each of the 30 clubs† (Brown). In October 2006, the MLB and the players association reached an agreement that requires all teams to pay 34 percent into a common pool, which is than split evenly among all 30 teams.The Competitive Balance tax, also known as the Luxury Tax, penalizes teams with high payrolls by making them pay a tax rate to the MLB central fund, based on how far they go over their payroll ceiling on opening day. Only four teams have broken the threshold since it w as put in place in 2003, the Yankees, Red Sox, Angels and, Tigers. The Yankees have â€Å"exceeded it every year, paying $25,689,173 last year, a high of $33,978,702 in 2005, and a grand total of $174,183,419 over seven years† (Brown). As of 2010, clubs are taxed if they exceed $170 million in total player payroll.Teams who exceed this amount get a further â€Å"repeat offenders† penalty, which raises the percentage they pay to 40 percent. In 2009 alone, $433 million of wealth was transferred from high to low revenue teams (Brown). Major League’s revenue sharing agreement does not dictate what the recipients must do with the money once it is received. Simply stated by Baseball's collective bargaining agreement, all that is required by teams is that they must use their revenue sharing money â€Å"in an effort to improve its performance on the field†.This is so vague; the money can virtually go anywhere, even the club owner's pockets. The main problem is th at the teams receiving payments use them as their primary source of income. This allows them to keep their payrolls low but continue to receive large revenue sharing payments. Two of the biggest offenders of this are the Florida Marlins and the Tampa Bay Rays. In 2003, the Marilins won the World Series with a team of â€Å"great young players† and â€Å"talented veterans† that included Josh Beckett, Brad Penny, Mike Lowell, and Ivan Rodriguez. That year, the team had a payroll of $49. 5 million (Cohen). Rather than keeping the players that made up that payroll, they traded Penny and Beckett for much cheaper players, and lost Lowell and Rodriguez to free agency. â€Å"By shedding these stars, Florida was able to cut its payroll down to $14. 9 million in 2006, which is less than 20% of the Major League average of $78 million. It was also less than half of the $31 million in revenue sharing dollars the team received that year. † Instead of using the money to buy or retain talented players, the owners used it as part of the teams $43 million profit in 2006 (Ray).The most extreme example of revenue sharing offenders has been the Tampa Bay Rays. From 2002 to 2006, the Rays received an average of $32 million a year in revenue sharing payments (Ray). In 2006, the team had a payroll of $35. 4 million (Cohen), $42 million less than the 2006 league average. â€Å"It won only 38 percent of its games and filled less than 40 percent of its seats for home games†¦ and collected more than $30 million in revenue sharing† (Lewis). Other teams, like the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Kansas City Royals, also received significant revenue sharing money but have kept their payrolls low.In Contrast, teams like the Colorado Rockies, have not been so frugal with their money. They received $16 million in 2006 and increased their payroll by around $15 million the following season (Lewis). Since 1999, millions of dollars have been transferred from richer big m arket teams to poorer small market teams in an attempt to create competitive balance and allow all 30 teams to share in the economic advantages associated with playing in big market teams; a large fan base, lots of press coverage, lucrative cable television contracts, and high payrolls and revenues.However, baseball doesn't force revenue sharing recipients to use the money on payroll. All that is required is that the team uses the money to improve the product on the field. The system hasn't restored any true competitive balance for the league since, generally speaking, we see the same teams in the World Series year after year. The stark reality is that lower payroll and smaller market teams can make more money by losing than they can by winning because of revenue sharing.So long as the rules and regulation in Major League Baseball remain lax and enforcement stays nonexistent, teams will continue to take advantage of the system. Work Cited Alice, Lynette. â€Å"Examining why MLB rev enue sharing doesn't work. † Helium. 2002-2010 Helium, Inc. 10 Dec. 2010. Brown, Maury. â€Å"Revenue Sharing Is Making An Impact. † Baseball America. 2 Mar. 2010. Baseball America, Inc. 10 Dec. 2010. Burnett, Dashielle. â€Å"Major League Baseball. † Business Insider. 6 Dec 2010. Business Insider, Inc. 11 Dec. 2010. Cohen, Gary.The Baseball Cube Statistics. 2002. 17 Dec. 2010 Elanjian, Michael, and Dessislava A. Pachamanova. â€Å"Is Revenue Sharing Working for Major League Baseball? A Historical Perspective†. The Sport Journal. Volume 12. Number 2. United States Sports Academy, 2009. 8 Dec. 2010. Gennaro, Vince. Diamond Dollars: The Economics of Winning in Baseball. Hingham, Massachusetts: Maple Street Press, 2007. Jacobson, David. â€Å"MLB's Revenue-Sharing Formula. † BNET – The CBS Interactive Business Network. 14 July 2008. CBS Interactive. 8 Dec. 2010.Levin, Richard C. , George J. Mitchell, Paul A. Volcker, and George F. Will. â€Å"T he Report of the Independent Members of the Commissioners Blue Ribbon Panel on Baseball Economics†. The Official Site of Major League Baseball. MLB Advanced Media, L. P. , July 2000. PDF. 11 Dec. 2010. Lewis, Michael. â€Å"Baseball's Losing Formula. † The New York Times. 3 Nov. 2007. 11 Dec. 2010. Ray, James Lincoln. â€Å"Baseball's Revenue Sharing Problem: Major League Baseball Hurt By Teams Who Don't Spend Money On Players. † Suite101. 12 Nov. 2007. 11 Dec. 2010

Not Nice At All

Not Nice At All Not Nice At All Not Nice At All By Sharon My high school English teacher banned the use of the word nice. She said it was a lazy adjective. Although she was a bit harsh, there was some truth in what she said. It is said that nice originates from the Latin nescio meaning I dont know. So what Mrs C was getting at was that if you used the word nice, you probably didnt know what to say. Even after Roman times, nice just wasnt a good word to use. In the 13th century it meant foolish, so saying someone was nice was insulting rather than complimentary. Through the centuries nice had different meanings, including timid, extravagant, elegant, wanton, dainty, strange, thin, modest, shy and precise (this last meaning still survives in the phrase nice and early). By the 18th century the meaning had started to change to the more modern sense of agreeable or kind. That still didnt cut any ice with my English teacher, though, who remained opposed to using nice all through my school career. How many synonyms can you find for nice? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeFor Sale vs. On SaleConversational Email

Why Getting a Temp-to-Hire Position is a Smart Career Move

Why Getting a Temp-to-Hire Position is a Smart Career Move You’re looking for work, but unsure how to interpret some job postings. There’s a difference, for example, between contract employment (with a specific, non-permanent term, usually without benefits), temp work (varying from one day to a year or more, with no promise of becoming a permanent position), temp-to-perm or tempt-to-hire (meaning you work in sort of a probationary period until the employer decides whether or not to take you on full-time), and the standard direct hire (or full-time) long-term position with benefits. Temp-to-hire jobs are actually booming, and fairly easy to find. The move toward temporary hiring might mean that more and more employers are preferring to try out new employees rather than hiring immediately. Even if you can’t necessarily get a guarantee that your position will be temp to perm or temp to hire, there are some benefits to temping.Gaining ExposureGet your face out there and show what you can do. You also get a taste of different office environments, industries, etc. You’ll get to know your preferences as an employee, which will make your next job search all the more focused.Meeting New ContactsNever underestimate your ability to impress people and wrap them into your network for future communication. You’ll also establish a record for yourself- the temp agency you work for can vouch for things like your work ethic and reliability, should future employers ask.FlexibilityMost temp jobs are full time for a short time, leaving you a bit of time off in between gigs. Don’t take too much time between gigs if you want to stay current and get sent out for new opportunities, but do give yourself a couple of days to breathe.Adding Skills and Experience to Your ResumeThink of every day on each temp job as an opportunity to sponge up new skills and expertise. Pad your resume with the software programs and experience you’re getting on each job.The Possibility of Full-TimeThe biggest potential benefit of all comes when your position is, in fact, temp-to-hire. In those cases, you get all the benefits of temping- the self-confidence boost of having a job to go to on a given day, the networking opportunities, your foot in the proverbial door- plus, there’s a good chance a full-time job will be your reward at the end of it.That said, it can be a bit isolating to temp. You might feel like you’re not quite a â€Å"real† employee, and you may feel a little too uncertain without a guaranteed annual income and benefits. Temping is definitely not for everyone, but if you can manage it for a while, it might just pay off for you.

Leopard Seal Facts

Leopard Seal Facts If you get the opportunity to take an Antarctic cruise, you may be lucky enough to see a leopard seal in its natural habitat. The leopard seal  (Hydrurga leptonyx) is an earless seal with  leopard-spotted fur. Like its feline namesake, the seal is a powerful predator high on the food chain. The only animal that hunts leopard seals is the killer whale. Fast Facts: Leopard Seal Scientific Name: Hydrurga leptonyxCommon Names: Leopard seal, sea leopardBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 10-12 feetWeight: 800-1000 poundsLifespan: 12-15 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Sea around AntarcticaPopulation: 200,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description You might think the obvious identifying feature of the leopard seal is its black-spotted coat. However, many seals have spots. What sets the leopard seal apart is its elongated head and sinuous body, somewhat resembling a furry eel. The leopard seal is earless, about 10 to 12 feet long (females slightly larger than males), weighs between 800 and 1000 pounds, and always seems to be smiling because the edges of its mouth curl upward. The leopard seal is large, but smaller than the elephant seal and walrus. The mouth of the leopard seal turns upward at the edges, resembling a smile. Peter Johnson/Corbis/VCG / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Leopard seals live in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters of the Ross Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, Weddell Sea, South Georgia, and Falkland Islands. Sometimes they are found along the southern coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.  The leopard seals habitat overlaps that of other seals. Diet Leopard seals eat penguins.  © Tim Davis/Corbis/VCG / Getty Images The leopard seal will eat just about any other animals. Like other carnivorous mammals, the seal has sharp front teeth and fearsome-looking inch-long canines. However, the seals molars lock together to make a sieve that allows it to filter krill from the water. Seal pups primarily eat krill, but once they learn to hunt, they eat penguins, squid, shellfish, fish, and smaller seals. They are the only seals that regularly hunt warm-blooded prey.  Leopard seals often wait underwater and propel themselves out of the water to snatch their victim. Scientists can analyze a seals diet by examining its whiskers. Behavior Leopard seals are known to play cat and mouse with prey, typically with young seals or penguins. They will chase their prey until it either escapes or dies, but wont necessarily eat their kill. Scientists are uncertain of the reason for this behavior, but believe it may help hone hunting skills or might simply be for sport. Leopard seal males hang under the ice when they sing. Michael Nolan / Getty Images During the austral summer, male leopard seals sing (loudly) underwater for hours each day. A singing seal hangs upside down, with a bent neck and pulsating inflated chests, rocking from side to side. Each male has a distinct call, although the calls change depending on the seals age. Singing coincides with the breeding season. Captive females have been known to sing when reproductive hormone levels are elevated. Reproduction and Offspring While some kinds of seals live in groups, the leopard seal is solitary. Exceptions include mother and pup pairs and temporary mating pairs. Seals mate in summer and give birth after 11 months gestation to a single pup. At birth, the pup weighs around 66 pounds. The pup is weaned on the ice for about a month. Females become mature between ages three and seven. Males mature a bit later, typically between ages six and seven. Leopard seals live a long time for a seal, partly because they have few predators. While the average lifespan is 12 to 15 years, its  not uncommon for a wild leopard seal to live 26 years. Conservation Status According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), scientists once believed there may be over 200,000 leopard seals. Environmental changes have dramatically affected species the seals eat, so this number is likely inaccurate. The leopard seal is not endangered. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists it as a species of least concern. Leopard Seals and Humans Leopard seals are highly dangerous predators. While attacks of humans are rare, cases of aggression, stalking, and fatalities have been documented. Leopard seals are known to attack the black pontoons of inflatable boats, posing an indirect risk to people. However, not all encounters with humans are predatory. When National Geographic photographer Paul Nicklen dove into Antarctic waters to observe a leopard seal, the female seal he photographed brought him injured and dead penguins. Whether the seal was trying to feed the photographer, teach him to hunt, or had other motives is unknown. Sources Rogers, T. L.; Cato, D. H.; Bryden, M. M. Behavioral significance of underwater vocalizations of captive leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx.  Marine Mammal Science.  12  (3): 414–42, 1996.Rogers, T.L. Source levels of the underwater calls of a male leopard seal.  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.  136  (4): 1495–1498, 2014.Wilson, Don E. and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Species: Hydrurga leptonyx. Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.

Financial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial Analysis - Essay Example ning process varies depending on the unique features of the business and its goals, but basically there are various general steps and guidelines that form the basis of the planning process. These steps include; Determination of Current Financial Situations, Establishment of Financial Objectives, Identification of Alternative Courses of Action, Evaluation of those alternatives, development and Implementation of Financial Action plan and even the process of Plan re-evaluation and revision. Dividends are termed as the ultimate distribution of either present or past earnings in factual assets amongst the existing shareholders within a given firm based on their ownership proportions (FABOZZI, F2011). Dividend policy often connotes to pay-out policy that is usually pursued by various managers while making decisions on the pattern and size of the shareholder’s cash distribution over time. The managements’ primary objective is based on the shareholders’ maximization of wealth, which often directly translates into value maximization of a given firm as determined by the company’s stock price. The achievement of this goal can be done through the aspect of granting shareholders with a fairer payment with regards to their investments. However, based on this Company under study, the effect of its shareholder’s dividend policy is still un-settled in one way or the other (FRAME & CURRY, 1974). There are generally two major types of dividend policies that include the residual and managed policies. In residual policy the quantity of dividend simply refers to the cash that is left behind after the given Company utilizes NPV rule in making desirable investments. This hence means that there will be a higher dividend variability with regards to the amount and can even reach a zero point. On the other hand, the optimal policy refers to a policy that largely work towards maximizing the firm’s stock price, thereby leading to the ultimate maximization based on the level of

LAN Networks Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LAN Networks - Coursework Example They will use the Ethernet cables to connect all the computers, DVR, VoIP phone, and game console to the network. They can then hook the router to the modem to connect to the internet. In this way all the devices can access the internet provided that the router is configured and allows them. The justification for the above requirements is that the family is in possession of several devices that need internet connectivity. The recommended devices will make this possible. The modem is connected to the router so that the router access the internet through the ISP assigned IP address. This dynamically assigns each of the devices IP addresses thus enabling the m to access the internet. The enterprise-level company will require a large server room with several servers, routers, bridge, and network switches to connect to the several hundred business users of their network. Each device will connect to the switches via wired or wireless access. Wired access will include Ethernet cable, at least a cat5e twisted pair of the fiber optic Ethernet cable. The network switch will be used for routing information from their network to the internet. The routers will be the gateway to the network thus will be used to connect the enterprise’s LAN and the internet thus giving them access to a good firewall. The bridges will be used to direct the traffic over the network. The three most common types of server applications are email servers, List server, and Telnet servers. Email servers are computers that keep records of each and every mail that comes in and leaves the network. List servers are computers that for the users or one way list that gives announcements, newsletters or even advertising. Telnet servers are computers that help the users to sign in to host computers and perform tasks as if they are working on their computers. Even though the servers can be combined, I will not combine all of them. I will implement two

Critically access the advantages and disadvantages of international Essay

Critically access the advantages and disadvantages of international co-production in 'world cinema'. Illustrate your answer with specific examples - Essay Example World cinema addresses themes that are generally not explored or known to traditional western and Hollywood film makers. In this way, world cinema offers interesting perspectives on the issues of diverse communities across the globe. World cinema needs to be distinguished from terms such as second and third cinema which describe films produced on alternative or post-colonial themes (Fraunhar, 2005). World cinema does not profess such ambitions and strives for creating diversity and a distinct identity in global cinema. The popularity of world cinema has increased with the success of international world film festivals such as those hosted at Cannes, Berlin, Venice and other destinations. This popularity has led to international co-productions in world cinema where production teams from two or more countries collaborate on producing a film addressing issues that connect the different cultures. McFadyen, Hoskins & Finn (1998) have identified several important advantages and disadvantages of such international co-production. This paper analyzes these advantages and disadvantages in the light of critical research using specific examples of world cinema. One of the significant advantages of international co-production in world cinema is gaining access to a common financial resource for the countries involved in the co-production. When analyzed from a critical perspective, this is an important advantage and may even be beneficial to promoting the development and growth of world cinema. Often times, cinema from non-English speaking countries may be deprived of a global or international audience because of limited financial resources at the disposal of the film producers. This is also disadvantageous to the global film industry because it is deprived of unique alternative narratives and storytelling techniques. Therefore, international co-production makes financial resources accessible to production companies operating in smaller local film

Global Warming and how it Relates to Tsunami Essay

Global Warming and how it Relates to Tsunami - Essay Example Michael Crichton's "State of Fear," for example, claims of eco-terrorists creating ecological disasters like tsunami in an effort to reinforce paranoia about abrupt climate change (Apologetics 2005). Hundreds of scientists, however, including those from the National Academy of Sciences, the American Geophysical Union and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change consider the challenges raised by Crichton that global warming is here on account of human-caused emissions, not just natural factors (NRDC 2004). In its annual report, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) said higher temperatures may cause drought, disease, floods, and lost ecosystems and that global warming effects have already begun from sweltering heat to rising seas (GW, NRDC n.d.). Solutions are however in sight, with them knowing that most heat-trapping gases come from: power plants and vehicles. Hence, part of the action will have to come from curbing emissions, employing modern technologies and stronger laws, promoting online activism, pressing businesses to use less energy and build more efficient products, and fighting for laws that will speed these advances (Ibid). Global warming refers solely to the fact that the Earth's atmosphere is warming near its surface. It simply means the earth is getting hotter but does not imply a cause or speak to cause something. The scientific community believes climate changes like global warming have occurred throughout Earth's history and will continue to occur in the future (What is GW, WiseGeek 2005). Terms and meanings. Climate scientists who prefer references to climate, claim that the term, global warming, is imprecise and should be avoided in public communication as it is confusing. However one noted that the terms 'global warming' and "climate change" both emphasize the natural variability of climate, while downplaying the role of anthropogenic forcing. Accordingly, scientists should rather insist on scientific terms such as 'enhanced greenhouse effect', 'changes to atmospheric composition', 'climate disruption', and 'human climate forcing' as these terms are more precise, less controversial, and less politicized than either "global warming" or "climate change". (Tobis 2004). Moreover, "global warming" is too loaded a term and is threatening to people, and when the Bush administration introduced the term, "climate variability," people are really scared. The problem with the term, "global warming," is that it merely connotes increase in temperatures which is not. There is the hydrology part of it which can cause much destruction as in tsunami (Ibid). Scientific consensus. At an unprecedented rate heat-trapping pollution from fossil fuels and other sources is warming the planet according to more and more evidences supporting this conclusion. Moreover, climate models designed by NASA and others are also conclusive in their findings of human activities causing climate change (NRDC 2004). No evidences.. There is no evidence, however, that humans are responsible for increasing global temperatures. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions have actually been beneficial to the environment. (Robinson and Robinson 1997). The cause of global warming in the first place, is primarily natural, not manmade (Gerhard 2005). The earth evolves and has changes in orbit and in solar radiation (Ibid). Volcanic GW. Global warming caused by volcanic activity may have caused the

Research Activities Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Activities - Research Paper Example The journey through highly successful advertising practices and the obvious benefits attached of Aspirin, specifically Bayer Aspirin is one of note. Bayer AG according to the Bayer AG website was originally founded as, â€Å"The general partnership "Friedr. Bayer et comp." was founded on August 1, 1863 in Barmen - now a district of the city of Wuppertal - by dye salesman Friedrich Bayer (1825-1880) and master dyer Johann Friedrich Weskott (1821-1876). The object of the company was the manufacture and sale of synthetic dyestuffs.† (â€Å"Bayer AG† 1) Originally medicines were not something that this company desired to promote and it did quite well in the promotion of its synthetic dyes. Growing from three original employees to over 300 by the time it became a joint stock company. This rapid growth was almost directly attributable to the success and ability of its founders in marketing and advanced approaches to products. â€Å"Sterling Drug benefited from World War I. B ecause supplies of drugs from Germany were cut off by the Allied blockade, they set up the Winthrop Company to manufacture the active ingredients. After the war, Sterling acquired the American Bayer Company. They established a separate subsidiary, the Bayer Company, to market Bayer Aspirin† (â€Å"Sterling Drug, Inc.† 1). ... â€Å"Bayer AG transformed into a management holding company and the related hive-down of business operations into legally independent companies, the number of employees dropped from 36,010 at the beginning of 2003 to 590 on December 31, 2003.† (â€Å"Bayer AG (BAYRY)† 4). This reorganization reduced the direct workforce and enhanced the ability of the parent holding corporation to better separate assets as well as increase overall profitability. Aspirin was the result of massive efforts towards research within the original Bayer organization and in 1899 Aspirin ® was developed by Felix Hoffman and quickly became known as the drug of the century. According to Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lemelson program, Hoffman’s â€Å"miracle drug† was the result of solid research and hard work. On August 10, 1897, he succeeded with this endeavor: By combining acetylating salicylic acid with acetic acid, he created acetylsalicylic acid, or ASA, with the right characteristics for consumer use. The substance had the ability to relieve fever, pain and inflammation, all without upsetting the patient's stomach (â€Å"Aspirin† 1) Prior efforts had made this a difficult drug for people to use as it had irritated the stomach severely. Now it was able to be used regularly and did not cause the irritation to the stomach that had occurred before. The advertising behind this wonder drug also showed the desire of the manufacturers to promote it as in 1917 patents regarding the manufacture of this drug expired. In July 1916 a journal titled, The Pharmaceutical Era included the following information regarding the advertising campaign being conducted by The Bayer Company, Inc. This journal stated that, â€Å"The Bayer Company, Inc., which for some months past has

Global Warming and how it Relates to Tsunami Essay

Global Warming and how it Relates to Tsunami - Essay Example Michael Crichton's "State of Fear," for example, claims of eco-terrorists creating ecological disasters like tsunami in an effort to reinforce paranoia about abrupt climate change (Apologetics 2005). Hundreds of scientists, however, including those from the National Academy of Sciences, the American Geophysical Union and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change consider the challenges raised by Crichton that global warming is here on account of human-caused emissions, not just natural factors (NRDC 2004). In its annual report, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) said higher temperatures may cause drought, disease, floods, and lost ecosystems and that global warming effects have already begun from sweltering heat to rising seas (GW, NRDC n.d.). Solutions are however in sight, with them knowing that most heat-trapping gases come from: power plants and vehicles. Hence, part of the action will have to come from curbing emissions, employing modern technologies and stronger laws, promoting online activism, pressing businesses to use less energy and build more efficient products, and fighting for laws that will speed these advances (Ibid). Global warming refers solely to the fact that the Earth's atmosphere is warming near its surface. It simply means the earth is getting hotter but does not imply a cause or speak to cause something. The scientific community believes climate changes like global warming have occurred throughout Earth's history and will continue to occur in the future (What is GW, WiseGeek 2005). Terms and meanings. Climate scientists who prefer references to climate, claim that the term, global warming, is imprecise and should be avoided in public communication as it is confusing. However one noted that the terms 'global warming' and "climate change" both emphasize the natural variability of climate, while downplaying the role of anthropogenic forcing. Accordingly, scientists should rather insist on scientific terms such as 'enhanced greenhouse effect', 'changes to atmospheric composition', 'climate disruption', and 'human climate forcing' as these terms are more precise, less controversial, and less politicized than either "global warming" or "climate change". (Tobis 2004). Moreover, "global warming" is too loaded a term and is threatening to people, and when the Bush administration introduced the term, "climate variability," people are really scared. The problem with the term, "global warming," is that it merely connotes increase in temperatures which is not. There is the hydrology part of it which can cause much destruction as in tsunami (Ibid). Scientific consensus. At an unprecedented rate heat-trapping pollution from fossil fuels and other sources is warming the planet according to more and more evidences supporting this conclusion. Moreover, climate models designed by NASA and others are also conclusive in their findings of human activities causing climate change (NRDC 2004). No evidences.. There is no evidence, however, that humans are responsible for increasing global temperatures. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions have actually been beneficial to the environment. (Robinson and Robinson 1997). The cause of global warming in the first place, is primarily natural, not manmade (Gerhard 2005). The earth evolves and has changes in orbit and in solar radiation (Ibid). Volcanic GW. Global warming caused by volcanic activity may have caused the

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Taxation - Essay Example Hence the 2009-10 tax year ran from 6 April 2009 to 5 April 2010. The tax year is sometimes also called the Fiscal Year. The Financial Year, used mainly for corporation tax purposes, runs from 1 April to 31 March. Financial Year 2010 runs from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2011, as Financial Years are named according to the calendar year in which they start. Income tax liabilities of individuals: For individuals this means the UK income tax liability of one who is neither resident nor ordinarily resident in the UK is limited to any tax deducted at source on UK income, together with tax on income from a trade or profession carried on through a permanent establishment in the UK and tax on rental income from UK real estate. Individuals who are both resident and domiciled in the UK are additionally liable to taxation on their worldwide income and gains. Each person has an income tax  personal allowance, and income up to this amount in each tax year is free of tax for everyone. For 2010-11 the tax allowance for under 65s is  £6,475 which was raised to  £7,475 on 22 June 2010. There are three slabs for rate of taxes – basic rate for the slab  £0- £37,400 is 20%, above  £37,400 is 40% and above  £150000 is 50%. The taxpayers income is assessed for tax according to a prescribed order, with income from employment using up the personal allowance and being taxed first, followed by savings income (from interest or otherwise unearned) and then dividends. On Employees: Employees pay National Insurance contributions to build up their entitlement to certain state benefits, including the State Pension. The contributions they pay depend on how much they earn and whether they are employed or self-employed. Employees stop paying National Insurance contributions when they reach State Pension age. They pay National Insurance contributions if they are an employee or self-employed and they are aged

Eric Larson, The Devil in the White City Essay Example for Free

Eric Larson, The Devil in the White City Essay Generically speaking, Eric Larson’s book The Devil in the White City is a tale of architecture and a serial killer. The book reflects the society of the late 19th century, Chicago. In its own the work is a journey of the lives of the people of the great city and how they changed. It encompasses their hopes, their dreams and their treachery. In general where gender roles are concerned, it showcases how women, particularly those from the working class, shaped the city around them while sticking to their constricted roles. The book revolves around two central characters i.e. the architect and the serial killer, however, it manages to not just account for their lives, but in doing so highlight great poverty, violence and depravity of the age and America as it were during that time. It follows through one social crisis after another throughout the vestiges of its pages. It shows the social diversity along with individualistic diversity of the era. In order to understand the role of women during that time, we must first understand the dynamics of the society itself. In conclusion to the works, Larson pens in Notes and Sources â€Å"The thing that entranced me about Chicago in the Gilded Age was the city’s willingness to take on the impossible in the name of civic honor, a concept so removed from the modern psyche that two wise readers of early drafts of this book wondered why Chicago was so avid to win the world’s fair in the first place† [p. 393]. The world of that age was a combination of great achievement and burning desire to be better than everything else. To achieve that dream men weren’t the only one making the efforts. Women were also breaking out of their age of crafted roles.   To win â€Å"first place†, the race had begun and the general population strived for the collateral dream. The book talks about the two facets of reality and society. Good versus great evil. It highlights man’s desperation to be better, to achieve great heights. And on that journey man at times becomes irrevocably corrupt. As Larson states, â€Å"The juxtaposition of pride and unfathomed evil struck me as offering powerful insights into the nature of men and their ambitions† [p. 393]. After the great fire of 1871, Chicago came back with a new vengeance. Each day hordes of new people walked into the city looking for a future and new dreams. Many of these people were young single women who were oblivious to the peril and dangers of the big cities they hoped to make their homes. Jane Addams, founder of Chicagos Hull House, wrote, Never before in civilization have such numbers of young girls been suddenly released from the protection of the home and permitted to walk unattended upon the city streets and to work under alien roofs. Her statement points to the status of women in America at the time. Women were going through a conversion; they were trying on new roles in their newly crafted world and leaving behind old ones. They were sheltered and protected and treading on alien territory when they left their homes. Clearly this was not the life most women were used to living; venturing out into the world was not something that was generally accepted as normal behavior. But like all else, things were changing and in the name of progress women were changing too. They found work as seamstresses, weavers, typewriters and what not. All jobs which had a man in charge or above them. Simply put they were to be the nurses, and not the doctors. The men who hired them were thought of, in that era, as noble characters. There were also those with less than noble intentions. During the summer of 1890, a warning was placed in the help-wanted section of the Chicago Tribune, cautioning female stenographers stating our growing conviction that no thoroughly honorable business-man who is this side of dotage ever advertises for a lady stenographer who is a blonde, is good-looking, is quite alone in the city, or will transmit her photograph. All such advertisements upon their face bear the marks of vulgarity, nor do we regard it safe for any lady to answer such unseemly utterances. The warning was placed in the Chicago Tribune by the First National Bank. Stepping into new shoes The women were now living lives designed for men. The city was not the same as it once had been. While there were good men keeping the honor of the city intact, there was no shortage of those who were ever ready to plunder it. There were large amounts of deaths, many of them were unknown men and women who were never identified and never saw their families again. One did not have to be murdered in Chicago; the city itself killed many in multiple accidents, you could simply step off a curb and get hit by a car and die. And of course there were the homicides. During the first half of 1892 Chicago was witness to nearly eight hindered homicides. The once innocent city was being turned into a vicious place. Chicago was turning out to become one of the dangerous cities to come out the United States of America. The streets were no longer safe and amidst dreams of becoming the best in the world, the greatest, the city did quite the opposite. Criminals Women now rose to a new status. They moved from being caregivers in the home, from being protected and sheltered, to being city girls making it on their own. And they then went from city girls to murdering harlots. Many incidences occurred where men killed women and women turned around to kill other men. Chicago was one big cesspool of criminal activity.   The criminal activity rose around the entirety of the nation, but Chicago stood out in its numbers. The 1888 killing spree courtesy of Jack the Ripper had the nation enthralled and addicted. None however, imagined something similar hitting their own cities. When men liked Holmes ravaged the youth of the city and went about murdering people, no one at the time thought it could be the work of a serial killer. People were too innocent, even with the crimes that shattered their lives each day, they refused to believe something that heinous could be taking place right next door. A good example of this stint was the Broadway show titled ‘Chicago’ itself. It paints the story of Velma Kelly, a notorious criminal. In fact women were the only magnificent criminals in that show, while men played the part of protectors, lawyers, gullible husbands. The show was a satire on the state of things in the city. Woman has changed drastically, they were no longer thought of as naà ¯ve, innocent, noble creatures. They were scandalous entities.

Representations Of London Life In Brick Lane Cultural Studies Essay

Representations Of London Life In Brick Lane Cultural Studies Essay Monica Ali brings humour, grace and the special qualities of the best of Asian fiction to a narrative concerned with acceptance and denialWry and intelligent, subtle and graceful in its mix of formal prose, blackly despairing humour and fabulous characterization, this is a rich human novel'(The Sunday Express, India).Ali was not born in England but in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and moved to England at the age of three, where she was raised. She has never lived in Brick lane where the novel was focused on and she was from a middle- class family and eventually attended higher education at Wadham Collage, Oxford. Therefore, some people are starting to question how she managed to recreate the lifestyle of a Bangladeshi family living in the inner city of London. Firstly, she was born in Bangladesh which gave her a sense of attachment with her origin. Secondly, with the help from Naila Kabeer, whose study of Bangladeshi women garment workers in London and Dhaka, Monica Ali drew inspiration.(Brick Lane, P493). Moreover, her inspiration of the story was supported by many people whose have a strong social identity of Bangladeshi people in London and British immigrant experience. E.g. Nicole Aragi and Shofiur. The book follows Nazneen and Hasina, living very different lives in very different places, but finally daring to hope that they may have found a similar sort of happiness. The themes are the big ones identity, self-determination, the freight of family and they are kept afloat by the buoyancy of Alis characterisation, which occasionally verges on the Dickensian without ever resorting to caricature. In Nazneens world, everyone is convincingly governed by their own individual logic.(Harriet Lane ,The Observer Sunday 1 June 2003) The book exposes many features of London and its peoples daily life to the reader, which included issues like: Race tension, Cultures, Estate life, gender relation and the landscape of the city of London. However, I will be more focusing on the representation of Race tension and changing cultures in London. In due course, I will link some of these representations with the theory of place and identity (Tim Cresswell) , Robert Park and Mumford idea of City and Postcolonial London (John Mcleod). Since the end of Second World War, the urban and human geography of London has been irreversibly altered as a consequence of patterns of migration from countries with a history of colonialism , so that today a number of London s neighbourhoods are known primarily in terms of the overseas populations they have nurtured. Whitechapel and Tower Hamlets boast significant Bangladeshi communities. (John Mcleod) According to Mcleod , the multicultural London was developed during the postcolonial period and people from the ex-colony were flooding into the heart of the Empire -London, looking for a new life and opportunities. The story of Brick Lane was a direct product of postcolonial London, which is about change, cultural, social, and political and conflict. It was Black and Asian migrants who have together played a major role in creating Londons multicultural society and Brick Lane highlighted the levels of poverty and discrimination had on them. In other words, postcolonial London does not factually denote a given place or mark a stable location on a map. It emerges at the intersection of the concrete and the noumenal, between the material conditions of metropolitan life and the imaginative representations made of it. It is as much a product of facticity as a creation of the novels. ( John Mcleod) According to Lewis Mumford and Robert Park, city should not only defined by its physical for m. Whatever it was that makes a city a city (London), it had more to do with its social processes.(Doreen Massey) Decolonization has speeded up Londons heterogeneity, intensity of social interaction and contrasts. In order word, London as a World city is a city produced, experienced and lived imaginatively and also incubating new social relations and cultural forms which conflict with the advocacy of a national culture or the pursuit of cultural nationalism. (John Mcleod) With Vast numbers of people living in the city, there are bound to be wide range of variations amongst them. This should give rise to the spatial segregation of individuals according to colour, ethnic heritage, economic and social status, tastes and preferences. (Louis Wirth) In Brick Lane, Monica Ali portrayed the conflict between Race and culture of the inner city remarkably well. In Chapter two and three, she has focused on describing the culture of London and migrants in conversations between different characters. Two in one week! But now our children are copying what they see here, going to the pub, to nightclubs. Or drinking at home in their bedrooms where their parents think they are perfectly safe. The problem is our community is not properly educated said by Dr Azad (P.31, Chapter two), this short conversation between Chanu and Dr Azad clearly described the problem of inner city migrants whose have not educated enough to teach their offspring what is right or wrong, they neglected their children because they were busy working to earn money .Also the second generation migrants are generally copying the drinking culture but not controlling themselves. In Page 40, Monica uses the eye of the main Character Nazneen to describe the rotten anti social behavior by teenagers in council estate, She looked down into the courtyard. Two boys exchanged mock punches, feinting left and right. Cigarettes burned in their mouths. She opened the window and leaned into the breeze.(P.40). She also use the Tattoo Lady who did not get named to describe the working class white who lived in council housing and gave them a stereotype features She scratched her arms , her shoulders, the accessible portions of her buttocks. She yawned and lit a cigarette. At least two thirds of the flesh on show was covered in ink.Nazneen had never been close enough to decipher the designs.Chanu said the tattoo lady was Hells Angel. (P.18 Chapter one.) Monica once again uses conversation between characters to deliver the message to the reader, Three point five people to one room. Thats a council statistic ,Chanu told Nazneen. All crammed together. They cant stop having children, or they bring over all their relatives and pack them in like little fish in a tin. Its a Tower Hamlets official statistic: three point five Bangladeshis to one room. (P.49 Chapter. 2) , But the main thing is education. The parents are so ashamed they dont know what to do. Sometimes they send the child back home, where the really cheap.(P248 Chapter 12), We need two things .More drugs counselors and more jobs for the young people said the Doctor.(P249,Chapter 12)Up to here, she already given enough information for the reader to create own imagination of the rotten down and packed inner city estate area with high density of migrants ,working class white , second generation migrants ,drug problem and uneducated parents. Place is how we make the world meaningful and the way we experience the world. (Tim Cresswell) Place is about stopping and resting and becoming involved.While space is amenable to the abstraction of spatial science and economic rationality, place is amenable to discussions of things such as value and belonging. (Tuan 1977,149) Place is hard to define but Tuan and Cresswell had done its definition perfectly well. London is a Place, even Brick lane and Nazeens flat are also a place where everything is interacting with each other. It was the sense of place that creates the unique social structure of immigrant communities and London. Nazneen stared at a notice on the wall, printed in five languages. No smoking, no eating, no drinking.( P64, Chapter 3) In this passage, it was place which create this unique features of Brick lane as it has got all sort of foreigners lived in and they are interacting with each other within the same place. Moreover, In Chapter 14 , Monica describe the Chanu family have never left Brick lane or areas around it ,although places like the Houses of Parliament ,Buckingham Palace and Hype-Park are very close to Brick Lane. In a sense , she use the family tour day as a Metaphor to describe the immigrant family do not go out their own neighbourhood , a sense of isolation with other part of the city and an intense sense of localism. In the other hand, place had a profound effect on changing people e.g. Chanu (The educated), Mrs Azad and second generation migrants (Tariq, bibi and Shahana.). For example, Place has turned Chanu to mix into the English culture and eventually accepted it in order to survive in the society- its part of the culture here. Its so ingrained in the fabric of society. Back Home, if you drink you risk being an outcast. In London, if you dont drink you risk the same things.( P110, Chapter 5) ,another example from Mrs Azad during the conversation with Chanu Listen, when Im in Bangladesh I put on a sari and cover my head and all that. But here I go out to work. I work with white girls and I am just one of them.(P114, Chapter5) and also when Nazneen refers to Bangladesh as our country, Karim makes it clear that he considers England to be his country in page 212. (Bookrags) and Shahana spoke in English during the conversation with Chanu about intern et and technologies. -This little wire that goes into the telephone socket-do you see it ?- it all comes down the wire. We go on the internet at school,said Shahana, in English. (P200,Chapter 9) Home obviously means more than a natural of physical setting . Especially, the term cannot be limited to a built place. A useful point of departure for understanding home may be not its material manifestation but rather a concept : home is a unit of space organized mentally and materially to satisfy a peoples real and perceived basic biosocial needs and, beyond the , their higher aesthetic-political aspirations. (Tim Cresswell) There is a clear connection made between place and second generation migrants, they already regard London as the place they belong to, whereas Bangladeshi and the language of Bangladeshi (Bengali) are just memory and heritage of their parent. In a sense these second generation migrants were trying to produce a new type of social memory and eager to get out from the bottom of social hierarchy and mix in with the dominant social group within the place- London. Rootedness and authenticity .In Harveys discussion of place this meaning is retained but becomes a symbol of reactionary exclusivity. As long as place signifies a tight and relatively immobile connection between a groups of people and a site then it will be constantly implicated in the construction of us (people who belong in a place) and them (people who do not). (Tim Cresswell) In this way the rootedness and authenticity of place will create tension between different race groups, especially the working class white who are most threaten of their social and employment position to be taken out by the migrants. Therefore, conflict is inevitable. The following 2 extracts described the reason of racial tension perfectly well: It is the white underclass, like Wilkie, who are most afraid of people like me. To him, and people like him, we are the only thing standing in the way of them sliding totally to the bottom of the pile. As long as we are below them, then they are above something. If they see us rise then they are resentful because we have left our proper place. That is why you get the phenomenon of the National Front. They can play on those fears to create racial tensions, and give these people a superiority complex. The middle classes are more secure, and therefore more relaxed. Chanu said. (P38, Chapter two). Leaflet from Lion Heart (a white working class organization) HANDS OFF OUR BREASTS! The Islamification of our neighbourhood has gone too far. A Page 3 calendar and poster have been removed from the walls of our community hall. How long before the extremists are putting veils on our women and insulting our daughters for wearing short skirts? Do not tolerate it ! Write to the council! This is England! (P257 Ch12) These two extracts allow us to think how weak of the bond between national majorities and minorities. There are two main outcomes for migrants; they either become economic migrant which suggests that people enter the country just for the sake of money, making as much money as possible before returning. The other outcome is -Hyphenated British which indicates a movement from outsider to insider, from temporary resident to permanent settler and from a predominantly homogeneous to an increasingly heterogeneous society. (John Eade) However, the White majorities are the ones that feel most threaten, afraid of migrants taking out all of the available jobs within the City and also their living space, culture and social benefits. Linking back to the introduction, Monica Ali was not raised in the area of Brick Land and had never been in a working class family. The novel is completely a work of the imagination influenced by her fathers story of Mymensingh countryside and her friend Naila Kabeer who study about the lives of Bangladeshi women garment workers. Although this essay had only focused on the issues of changing culture, place/identity, and race tension ,there are still a lot more issues reflecting Londons life and the city of London itself e.g. Gender relations, Landscape of London and economic environment. This optimism about England as a land of possibility is linked to a more general feminist politics of liberation which may help to partly explain the books success in both the UK and the USA. (John Eade). In terms of the essays main theme- Culture, place and race, many conversations with in Brick Lane represent the changing of the newcomers and they are becoming one of the key forces of a changing Br itish nation. Their Britishness is mediated through the social and cultural heritage of their country of origin which produces a hyphenated identity through the interweaving of class, gender, generation, religion and language. (John Eade) Finally, Monica Ali uses the event of 9/11 as an opportunity to describe the Bangladeshi or Islamic communities seek to show how their true color is and representation to the outside world, especially the National Majority.

Facts about Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

GCSE English: non fiction writing. Choose either a topic or a person as the basis for your writing. If a topic, research all aspects of the issue and then write about it in your own words. Include your own views, with reasons. If a person, give reasons for your choice and say why you think he or she is important. Minimum of 600 words. My project is about Abortion: I have chosen to do it about abortion because I think it is a very serious topic and it is a subject that I feel very strongly about. There are a lot of arguments for and against abortion. In this project I will write about the basic facts and what women/girls should do if they are ever in that sort of situation. Abortion is a deliberate end of a pregnancy, so that it does not result in the birth of a child†¦. An abortion is when a pregnancy is ended before a baby is capable of surviving on its own outside the mother’s body. An abortion can either happen naturally i.e a miscarriage or it can be induced, done deliberately. An induced abortion is only legal if it is carried out within the law and in the circumstances which the law permits. You should NEVER attempt to induce an abortion yourself as this could cause you serious injury. In England, Wales and Scotland abortion is legal under 24 weeks of pregnancy if two doctors agree that it is majorly necessary for one of the following reasons:  · If having the baby would harm the mother’s mental or physical health more than having an abortion. This has to involve the mother explaining how she feels about the pregnancy to a doctor.  · If having the baby will harm the mental or physical health of the children she already has.  · If it is necessary to save the women’s life or prevent serious harm to her.  · I... ...they cannot be treated properly, there is only one way to help them get through it which is by counselling but many women find it very difficult and it takes them 10 years, maybe just to get back to their normal lifestyle and routines. Conclusion: By researching on abortion I have realised that abortion does have negative and positive things about it. Abortion does solve many problems but it can also create huge problems. Some people do not accept it and find it unacceptable as it is virtually killing an innocent human being, however it has helped many women and young adults in continuing their lives in a peaceful manor and it has also saved many children from being unwanted and being brought up with the proper love and affection they need. In conclusion I think that abortion is neither right nor wrong, it depends on the situation it is involved in.

Rest of the play Essay

As you saw in the play when the girls played on there own they liked to play games such as â€Å"house† where they would act as grown up mothers etc. when the girls play on their own there behaviour seems different as they would act in a sort of feminine way which they wouldn’t act in front of the boys. The boys however like to play rough and adventurous games like chasing squirrels, having fights or pretending to be the Itie, which they wouldn’t do in front of the girls. Where as when the girls are together with the boys they do not act or play in the same way, as they would do when they are alone instead they play games, which are far more different. This is because girls aren’t comfortable with the boys watching them and playing the games that they played and in the same way the boys aren’t comfortable or used to the girls playing the same games they would like to play. I would like to conclude that the games the boys and girls play are in effect with what is going on around them which then was World War II which explains why the boys are influenced to play Such games as pretending to be the Itie and girls playing house.  Interviewer:  5/ The children used a lot of swear words, why was that?  Mr Potter:  When the girls were playing together with Donald and they pretended to be adults they used a lot of swear words â€Å"I should bloody damn and bloody blast and bugger flaming bloody think so and all.† They did this because they thought that was how  Adults spoke to each other for example their parents, and especially during then it was World War II so their parents would be angry with the Germans and using bad language a lot so the children would pick up from them. Interviewer:  6/ A lot happens in a short space of time, why did you decide to have all the events happen in one afternoon?  Mr Potter:  As you saw from the beginning of the play there is already some dramatic things happening when Angela and Audrey were playing with Donald they start to bully him by calling him names etc. â€Å"Donald Duck! Donald Duck! Quack! Quack! Quack! Donald Duck! Quack! Quack!† and Audrey also says something very important which adds tension to the play when she says, † You’ll die in a minute though. Really die, I mean.† Since then there has been dramatic highs and lows such as killing the innocent squirrel â€Å"‘course him is. Deader than dead.† As we go on through the play more drastic things happen which all finally leads up to the killing of Donald that ends the play. Through the whole play this would have added tension And kept the viewers in there seats. I did this because I think it makes the play very exciting. During this play I think as you saw the children’s attitude has changed dramatically because at the beginning they were all bullies and didn’t like Donald  But in the end they became shocked and regretted everything they did. I did this to try and show people that not to do something they would regret e.g. bullying. Interviewer:  7/ Donald dying at the end was a shock, why did Donald have to die at the end?  Mr Potter:  I decided to have Donald dying at the end as I thought it would make the play more exciting because the audience would be expecting the play to finish with a happy ending but by making Donald die at the end it would shock and excite the viewers and it would finish of with a dramatic end. I also decided to make the play even more exciting by constructing it so that when the barn that Donald was inside was burning to change the scenes from the barn to the children and so on for six scenes. I did this because it would add tension to the play and also make the viewers even More tensed and excited.  Interviewer:  8/ The ending was very sad, but I thought the children acted strangely, can you explain what happened?  Mr Potter:  As you saw in the end of the play after the children killed Donald they were all shocked and stunned because they did not expect to kill him. They were all thinking that they would lock him in the barn as a joke then let him out but they did not realise the severe consequences of there actions. After however they found out that they had actually killed him they were all shocked and didn’t know what to do and sat apart because they were all in there own world thinking about what they had done to Donald and what would happen to them and what there parents will say or do which they couldn’t talk about together. But when they spoke to each other they were all trying to deny the fact that they did it or any of the others did it and all of the children tried to prove there innocence † I byunt going to get the blame for it. I never did anything. I wasn’t even holding the door.† this shows that they were in a state of shock about what happened and felt emotional and regret full. Interviewer:  9/ That poem at the end is moving, how does it link in with the rest of the play?  Mr Potter:  The poem is to show that in our childhood we are always happy and enjoying ourselves but there comes a time when all the fun we have comes to an end and our childhood will never come back to us again and all our happy days are over. â€Å"The happy highways where I went and cannot come again.† So it’s to say that our childhood only comes once and never comes again. Interviewer:  10/ Thank you Mr Potter, is there anything else you would like to add?  Mr Potter:  Well I would just like to say that although this is a short play I think it certainly summarises a lot of important issues such as bullying and that people should not do anything they would regret such as bullying and it just shows how all children’s childhood begins and how it ends and I think that this play has a certain theme don’t do anything in your childhood that you will later come to regret and you should certainly live it to the end with happy memories.

Hr Planning Assignment

Introduction to Planning Function. Human resource planning is the process whereby organizations determine the staffing support they will need to meet business needs and customer demands. There are a variety of considerations that impact this planning, including impending retirements and transitions, the availability of employees with certain skills sets and changes in the environment that may require training for existing employees. Human resource planning is important and ongoing because of both internal and external environmental changes.Internally, businesses are impacted by turnover and retirements. Externally, they are impacted by changes in technology, changes in the economy, and changes in the industry and consumer demand that may require skills that do not currently exist within the company. All of these impacts have an effect on the type and numbers of employees that are needed for the business to remain successful. MM Distributing Agencies. Company Profile MM Distributing A gencies is engaged in product distributing business for five years in a considerably successful manner.The business was started by Mr. Manjula Madurapperuma. Since the companies’ commencement Mr. Manjula Madurapperuma and Mr. Ajith Jayathunga has contributed in a major aspect to the company to be reached the zenith. Their Vision To have distributing agencies in each district. Their Mission We will be the most successful distributing company in the country. MM Distributing Agencies has three distributing agencies, distributing Unilever and Asian Paints products in several geographical areas.And they have about 65 employees under their distributing agencies running out their working capacity. Each and every agency is consistent with a Branch manager, Sales Manager, Stock Keeper and an IT manager. These managers have authority to plan, and recruit and select candidates to their branches or to the particular section. Primarily what happens in these distributing agencies is storin g and distributing the products of Unilever and Asian Paints Companies to shops in those particular areas. Storage and DistributionEach distributing agency has inventories; Unilever and Asian Paints products are directly sent to these inventories and these inventories are controlled and handled under the supervision of Stock keepers and supervisors. And the information about the products stored in these inventories is entered to the main database by computer operators under the supervision of IT managers and Stock keepers. These agencies use Vans and Lorries to distribute products. On all these vehicles there is an outstanding staff whereas a driver, cash collector and 1 or 3 assistants are supposed to work together.And all the day to day activities, information about distributed products are entered to the main database by computer operators under the supervision of IT managers and Stock keepers. And finally the Top Management retrieves required information from the certain databas e. Competitors Competitors of these agencies are other agencies that distribute products of companies like Hemas, CIC, Multilack, Nipolack, and COSWAY etc. Locations of MM Distributing Agencies. Organizational Structure Mr. Manjula Madurapperuma. Mr. Manjula Madurapperuma. Mr. Ajith Jayathunga Mr. Ajith JayathungaAnuradhapura Branch Manager Anuradhapura Branch Manager Avissawella Branch Manager Avissawella Branch Manager Nuwara Eliya Branch Manager Nuwara Eliya Branch Manager Each and every branch is consistent with a Branch manager, Sales Manager, Stock Keeper and an IT manager. Sales Managers, Stock Keepers and IT managers work under the supervision of their particular branch manager. All these managers have authority to plan, and recruit and select candidates to their branches or to the particular section. Only the management positions are filled under the supervision of Mr.Manjula Madurapperuma and Mr. Ajith Jayathunga Current HR Planning Process at MM Distributing Agencies. Eve n though MM Distributing Agencies is engaged in business in a considerably successful manner, the organization does not have a proper planning process. And also it does not have a HR department. HR managers’ duties are done by the each branch manager. Currently the Sales Managers, Stock Keepers and IT managers at each branch have the authority to plan, and recruit and select candidates to their branches or to the particular section under the supervision of their particular branch manager.When there is a position to be filled these managers ask their current employees for help or they go for recruitment at gate option. According to Avissawella branch manager this organization does not have a HR database and a successful planning process, when they have a vacant position they temporarily hire employees for the particular vacant position until they find a suitable person to hire permanently. And the managers admit that it is a costly process. And also they admit that temporarily hired employees cannot be trusted.Both Avissawella and Nuwara Eliya branch managers have faced problems with temporarily hired workers stealing products from the organization and with their bad behavior. These problems are results of not having HR department, a HR database and a proper planning process in the organization. According to Mr. Manjula Madurapperuma, they have tried to establish two distributing agencies at Kurunegala and Kegalle, but both times they have failed to keep those agencies running. It is clear all those failures were occurred because the organization did not have a proper planning process.These weaknesses can affect the organizations’ success. Current Problems of The HR Planning Process at MM Distributing Agencies. * This organization does not have a HR Department. * Organization does not maintain a HR database. * Does not have a proper planning process. * Managers quickly plan solutions for problems like employee turnover, retirements and market losi ng and they fail at implementing those plans. * Branch managers have to work as HR managers too. * Some managerial solutions like temporarily hiring workers cost a huge amount of money and resources to the organization.Recommendations for improvement * Owners of this organization should hire a HR Manager and required other employees and have a HR Department in this organization. * HR Department should maintain a HR database about available employees to inform them and to hire them when there are vacant positions to be filled. * Owners of MM Distributing agencies should meet their managers time to time and make plans for the future of the organization and should implement them carefully. Otherwise the remaining three branches of MM Distributing agencies will eventually fail.

Computerized Sales Inventory System Essay

By having a plan of widening the Cunderdin-Quairading Road , conservation is still involved because the management involved in the operation were able to conserve the old and big trees. They are able to protect and enhance the environmental values of road reserves. By consulting to the Department of Environment and Conservation for a clearing permit gave them permission what trees to cut and remind them to be responsible enough on how to conserve nature despite of the more industrialized world for convenience. The study also increased the employees’ and community’ s awareness of roadside conservation. It can provide safe and efficient road access while balancing best practice environmental management. It only shows that conservation is not a hindrance to save nature even though we want to improve our community or to build business. It is just a matter of planning and remembering the environment. The study about Shire of Cunderdin: Cunderdin-Quairading Road is just an example of conservation issue that must be given attention. It shows that people are still aware of the conservation issues and trying to promote goodwill to save the planet for our future generation. II. Case Study Shire of Cunderdin: Cunderdin-Quairading Road – The Shire of Cunderdin undertook road upgrade works along the Cunderdin-Quairading Road during 2011. This upgrade was in response to the state government decision to close Tier 3 grain-freight railway lines which would result in increased grain freight traffic on local roads such as the Cunderdin-Quairading Road. The road works The road works included formation works, shoulder works, drainage works, overlay and widening. The object of the upgrade was to: * clear grass, some small vegetation and minimal trees * reform and improve drainage * box out shoulders to a depth of 10 centimetres * overlay old pavement 10 centimetres * widen the pavement to 9 metres with a seal width of 7 metres Grader, loaders and trucks were used for clearing and formation works. Where the major clearing was required, such as the removal of salmon gums, skid steers and a 3-ton excavator was used to manoeuvre in places where the large plant equipment couldn’t go. The road reserve along the Cunderdin-Quairading Road consists of open roadside vegetation dominated by salmon gum, york gum, acacia and sheoak species in a degraded condition, with a predominantly introduced under storey of agricultural weeds. There are no declared rare flora or threatened ecological communities along the Road. Clearing was selective and only to the extent needed. When applying to the Department of Environment and Conservation for a clearing permit, each tree or area to be cleared was recorded on a GPS, with a view to minimizing the number of trees to be cleared, and to preserve as many large trees along the road, while creating a safe and effect ive road for users. The amount and diversity of roadside vegetation was taken into account when widening the road, and where one side of the road was less diverse than the other, the road was widened on that side. Agricultural weeds were cleared from undergrowth, and low vegetation was cleared on two s-bends to create a better line of sight, which reduced the need for a complete s-bend realignment and subsequent major clearing. Other works along the Cunderdin-Quairading Road were carried out under exemption, as specified under Item 22 of Regulation 5 (and Schedule 2) of the WA Clearing Regulations which specifies clearing within the road maintenance zones. Future plans Although no conditions were placed on the permit, the shire plans to put in place a strategic offset program where tree planting and revegetation of degraded areas and exhausted gravel pits will be undertaken annually to offset any essential clearing of native vegetation along roadsides. Future offsets will include planting low lying native shrubs along cleared road reserves to maintain aesthetics, for weed control, and to join vegetation corridors. Offset plans for 2011-12 include the revegetation of an old road reserve that was left after the realignment of an s-bend on Doodenanning Road. Agreements have been made with the adjacent property owner to allow room for farm machinery access. The revegetation will link up with a small pocket of remnant vegetation on the landholder’s property and existing roadside vegetation.